莲藕中甘薯潜隐病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的建立及应用

甘薯潜隐病毒莲藕分离物（sweet potato latent virus-lotus，SPLV-lotus）在江苏省莲藕产区普遍引起发病，并且该分离物序列与已报道的SPLV甘薯分离物存在较大差异。为进一步监测SPLV-lotus在莲藕上的发生情况，针对SPLV-lotus的CP基因设计并优化特异性引物QSPLV-lotus3-F/QSPLV-lotus3-R，通过优化引物浓度和退火温度条件，构建标准曲线，建立了SPLV-lotus实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）检测技术。该方法特异性强，可以快速检测出SPLV-lotus，灵敏度为普通PCR的100倍，可广泛应用于脱毒莲藕SPLV-lotus的精确检测。     

紫薇花器官发育调控基因LiFUL1的分离与表达分析

紫薇湘韵具有只开花不结实的特性,表现为花药不开裂、花粉败育、胚珠发育异常。紫薇红叶为普通紫薇,可正常开花结实。以紫薇湘韵为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法,从花芽中分离得到1个FRUITFULL(FUL)同源基因,命名为LiFUL1(GenBank登录号为MN894547)。序列分析结果表明,其cDNA开放阅读框长度为753 bp,编码251个氨基酸,分子质量为28.453 13 ku。序列比对和保守结构域分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因编码蛋白具有典型的MADS-MEF2和K-box 结构域,C末端含有一个保守性高的基序euFUL MOTIF,因此,LiFUL1属于MADS家族的FUL/AP1亚家族。进化分析表明,紫薇的LiFUL1基因编码的蛋白氨基酸序列与木本植物蓝桉的FUL/AP1氨基酸序列亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因在紫薇湘韵花器官分化阶段的花萼分化时期、花瓣与雄蕊分化时期、雄蕊与雌蕊分化时期的表达量显著高于紫薇红叶。另外,利用原核表达系统在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了LiFUL1蛋白,为进一步研究LiFUL1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

单股正链RNA病毒基因组3＇非编码区功能

单股正链RNA病毒数量众多,对人、动物和植物造成很大的危害。病毒基因组3＇末端都具有一段非编码区,基因组3＇非编码区在病毒的复制过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文简单介绍了单股正链RNA病毒基因组3＇非编码区结构的预测、测定和功能的研究方法,并重点概括了不同单股正链RNA病毒3＇非编码区一级序列、茎-环结构、假结体、TLS等结构在病毒基因组的复制、转录和翻译中的调控作用以及目前存在的问题。     

Molecular cloning and expression of a novel eukaryotes elongation factor1A gene (ZjeEF-1α) from Chinese jujube in response to phytoplasma infection

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) in plant is a multifunctional protein. In our previous study, we identified a 651-bp EST sequence of eEF-1α from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), which was established under jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasma stress. Here we isolated the eEF1A gene (ZjeEF-1α, JF488063) from Chinese jujube by single oligonucleotide nested (SON)-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). ZjeEF-1α contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1344 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 447 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 49.29 kDa and a theoretical pI of 9.10. ZjeEF-1α shared over 92% similarity with eEF-1α proteins from other 24 eukaryotes including plants and animals. Search Pfam predicted that ZjeEF-1A contains three typical eEF1A functional domains. Moreover, the corresponding genomic sequence of ZjeEF-1α was also sequenced, in which a 115-bp intervening sequence with splicing site GT-AG was found. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting assays revealed that the expression of ZjeEF-1α was enhanced in resistant cultivar ‘Xingguang’ and decreased in sensitive cultivar ‘Zanhuangdazao’ at early stages of phytoplasma infection. It is proved that ZjeEF-1A expression is early response to phytoplasma infection and its possible functions in resistant process to JWB phytoplasma are discussed.     

Effect of hot air,UV-C,white light and modified atmosphere treatments on expression of chlorophyll degrading genes in postharvest broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) florets

Several treatments were applied in order to delay postharvest degreening in broccoli florets and investigate their effects on genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism. Degradation of chlorophylls is the most evident visual manifestation of broccoli postharvest deterioration, occurring rapidly due to the immature stage in which the material is harvested. Treatments such as storage in modified atmosphere, exposure to hot air, UV-C and white lamps were employed in the current work to induce a delay in degreening and chlorophyll degradation. Expression of genes possibly related to chlorophyll catabolism was analyzed in these samples and discussed. Chlorophyllases, the enzymes traditionally believed to remove the phytol side chain from chlorophyll appear to have a gene expression that was not regulated by postharvest treatments. Pheophytinase, a recently discovered new enzyme in this metabolic pathway, correlated chlorophyll loss accurately in heat, UV-C and white-light treatments, but not in modified atmospheres. Results presented in this work indicate that postharvest treatments that delay chlorophyll degradation have a higher effect on the expression of pheophytinase rather than on chlorophyllase genes.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈对黏虫细胞色素P450基因表达的影响

为筛选出黏虫Mythimna separata参与杀虫剂解毒代谢的主效细胞色素P450基因,采用叶片浸渍法测定了用于处理黏虫3龄幼虫的亚致死浓度,通过构建转录组测序文库并结合数字基因表达(digital gene expression,DGE)对不同处理的黏虫进行测序,并运用实时荧光定量PCR(realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)技术验证12个P450基因的表达情况。结果表明,用于处理黏虫的氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈亚致死浓度LC_(10)分别为0.15、13.66 mg/L;对照样品、氟虫腈处理样品和氯虫苯甲酰胺处理样品分别获得59 521 504、64 838 148和41 722 990个原始序列数据,分别获得57 441 216、62 368 912和40 285 164个过滤后的序列数据;过滤后的序列长度分别为8.62、9.36和6.04 G;碱基错误率均为0.02%;Phred数值大于20、30的碱基占总碱基的百分比均高于90.59%;鸟嘌呤+胞嘧啶(guanine cytosine,GC)含量分别为47.16%、48.94%和47.55%,表明转录组测序质量较高;黏虫受氯虫苯甲酰胺胁迫后,29个P450基因表达量上调,27个P450基因表达量下调;黏虫受氟虫腈胁迫后,23个P450基因表达量上调,26个P450基因表达量下调;12个P450基因表达量的RT-qPCR技术检测结果与DGE测序文库显示的结果基本一致。     

亚致死剂量吡虫啉对中华蜜蜂神经代谢基因表达的影响

【背景】新烟碱类杀虫剂的作用靶标是昆虫神经系统中的乙酰胆碱受体,由于其良好的内吸性及对人畜低毒性,使其在农业生产上获得了广泛应用,然而这也使得其在植物体内仍然具有较低的残留,而这种亚致死剂量残留仍可对访花昆虫如蜜蜂的行为和神经系统造成不利影响。【目的】明确亚致死剂量新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉对中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana,简称中蜂）神经生理和代谢系统的影响。【方法】首先以两个亚致死浓度梯度剂量5和10 μg·L^-1吡虫啉处理工蜂10 d（3个生物学重复）,提取总RNA后,以RNA-seq方法对所得文库进行高通量测序,利用生物信息学技术对序列进行从头组装、注释,并对亚致死剂量吡虫啉处理后的差异表达基因进行聚类和富集等分析,最后利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）技术对部分与中蜂神经和代谢系统相关的差异表达基因进行验证。【结果】从两个吡虫啉浓度梯度和对照组数据中共获得9个测序文库,测序有效数据比例超过94.45%,从获得的37 364个unigenes中鉴定出571个差异表达基因。经GO和KEGG富集分析发现这些差异表达基因主要与蛋白质翻译、氧化还原、氧化磷酸化和核糖体等多个通路有关,表明亚致死剂量的吡虫啉对中蜂多个生理过程和代谢通路造成影响。挑选了与昆虫神经信号传递和代谢功能有关的上调或下调差异表达基因,如神经肽F、神经肽SIFamide受体、3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶、激酶（PRKA）锚蛋白1、碳酸酐酶、超氧化物歧化酶、NADH脱氢酶亚基、表皮蛋白和气味结合蛋白17共9个差异表达基因进行了qPCR验证,其表达规律与转录组结果完全一致。【结论】亚致死剂量的吡虫啉能对中蜂神经信号转导、细胞呼吸、免疫反应、内环境稳态的维持和嗅觉感受等多方面造成影响。     

绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅰ R基因特征分析及其在肌肉组织中的表达差异

为了比较IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因在绵羊肌肉中的表达差异,根据GenBank公布的绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因mRNA序列设计特异性引物,采用实时定量PCR方法检测其在甘肃‘高山细毛羊’及其与南非肉用‘美利奴’杂交F1代(南甘F1代)羔羊肌肉组织中的表达量.利用生物信息学软件分析了绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因结构,并构建系统进化树,探讨了其生物学功能.结果表明:南甘F1代羔羊肌肉组织中IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达量显著高于‘甘肃高山细毛羊’(P0.05),而IGF-ⅠR基因的表达量在南甘F1代羔羊和‘甘肃高山细毛羊’肌肉组织中没有显著变化(P0.05).绵羊IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因分别含有465bp和4 518bp的完整开放阅读框,编码154个和1 505个氨基酸;其蛋白质分子量分别为17 011.71U和169 267.26U,等电点分别为9.36和6.70;IGF-Ⅰ基因信号肽切割点分别位于49~50位氨基酸之间,而IGF-ⅠR基因不含信号肽;IGF-Ⅰ基因编码产物的二级结构主要以无规则卷曲和α-螺旋为主,位于细胞核的可能性最高(62.5%);IGF-ⅠR基因编码产物的二级结构主要以无规则卷曲为主,位于细胞质的可能性最高(34.8%);IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因分别作为激素和信号传感器参与机体生物学过程.